Browsing by Author "Bray, Freddie"

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    Global variations in lung cancer incidence by histological subtype in 2020: a population-based study.
    (Lancet Oncol 2023, 2022) Zhang, Yanting; Vaccarella, Salvatore; Morgan, Eileen; Li, Mengmeng; Etxeberria, Jaione; Chokunonga, Eric; Manraj, Shyam Shunker; Kamate, Bakarou; Omonisi, Abidemi; Bray, Freddie
    Background Lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, yet the distribution by histological subtype remains unknown. We aimed to quantify the global, regional, and national burden of lung cancer incidence for the four main subtypes in 185 countries and territories. Methods In this population-based study, we used data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume XI and the African Cancer Registry Network to assess the proportions of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma among all lung cancers by country, sex, and age group and subsequently applied these data to corresponding national (GLOBOCAN) estimates of lung cancer incidence in 2020. Unspecified morphologies were reallocated to specified subtypes. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated using the world standard population to compare subtype risks worldwide, adjusted for differences in age composition between populations by country. Findings In 2020, there were an estimated 2 206771 new cases of lung cancer, with 1 435943 in males and 770 828 in females worldwide. In males, 560 108 (39%) of all lung cancer cases were adenocarcinoma, 351 807 (25%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 163 862 (11%) were small-cell carcinoma, and 115322 (8%) were large-cell carcinoma cases. In females, 440510 (57%) of all lung cancer cases were adenocarcinoma, 91070 (12%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 68 224 (9%) were small-cell carcinoma, and 49 246 (6%) were large-cell carcinoma cases. Age-standardised incidence rates for adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma, respectively, were estimated to be 12·4, 7·7, 3·6, and 2·6 per 100000 person-years in males and 8·3, 1·6, 1·3, and 0·9 per 100000 person-years in females worldwide. The incidence rates of adenocarcinoma exceeded those of squamous cell carcinoma in 150 of 185 countries in males and in all 185 countries in females. The highest age-standardised incidence rates per 100 000 person-years for adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma, respectively, for males occurred in eastern Asia (23·5), central and eastern Europe (17·5), western Asia (7·2), and south-eastern Asia (11·0); and for females occurred in eastern Asia (16·0), northern America (5·4), northern America (4·7), and south-eastern Asia (3·4). The incidence of each subtype showed a clear gradient according to the Human Development Index for male and female individuals, with increased rates in high and very high Human Development Index countries. Interpretation Adenocarcinoma has become the most common subtype of lung cancer globally in 2020, with incidence rates in males exceeding those of squamous cell carcinoma in most countries, and in females in all countries. Our findings provide new insights into the nature of the global lung cancer burden and facilitates tailored national preventive actions within each world region.
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    Planning and Developing Population-Based Cancer Registration in Low- and Middle-Income Settings
    (Agency for Research on Cancer, 2014) Bray, Freddie; Znaor, Ariana; Cueva, Patricia; Korir, Anne; Swaminathan, Rajaraman; Ullrich, Andreas; Wang, Susan A.; Parkin, Donald Maxwell
    Cover Page Table of contents Contributors Acknowledgements, Foreword, Preface, Executive summary, Abbreviations Chapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 – The role and status of population-based cancer registration Chapter 3 – Planning and developing a population-based cancer registry Chapter 4 – Sources of information for the population-based cancer registry Chapter 5 – Quality control at the population-based cancer registry Chapter 6 – Making the population-based cancer registry heard – reporting the results References – References Annex 1. – CanReg5 Annex 2. – Selected data quality indicators by country or region List of corrections
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    Progress, challenges and ways forward supporting cancer surveillance in Latin America
    (International Journal of Cancer, 2021) Piñeros, Marion; Abriata, María Graciela; Vries, Esther; Barrios, Enrique; Bravo, Luis Eduardo; Cueva, Patricia; De Camargo Cancela, Marianna; Fernández, Leticia; Gil, Enrique; Luciani, Silvana; Pardo, Constanza; Zoss, Walter; Bray, Freddie; Mery, Les
    Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are the only means to provide reliable incidence and survival data as a basis for policy-making and resource allocations within cancer care. Yet, less than 3% and 10% of the respective populations of Cen tral America and South America are covered by high-quality cancer registries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development provides support to improve this situation via the International Agency for Research on Cancer Regional Hub for Latin America. In this paper, we summarize activities (advocacy, technical assistance, train ing and research) over the last 5 years, their impact and current challenges, including the implementation of new PBCR in four countries in the region. Despite the favor able political support to cancer registration in many countries, the sustainability of cancer registration remains vulnerable. Renewed efforts are needed to improve data quality in Latin America while ensuring maximum visibility of the data collected by disseminating and promoting their use in cancer control