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- ItemIX Encuentro de Registros de Cáncer del Ecuador(2024) Tarupi, WilmerEl encuentro de registros de cáncer desarrollado entre el 01 y 02 de agosto de 2024, en las instalaciones de la Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer, Núcleo de Cuenca, se retomó después de 5 años, como una de las actividades indispensables para el desempeño, monitoreo y seguimiento de las actividades de los registros de cáncer del país. Al encuentro asistieron 25 profesionales, entre los cuales se destaca a los coordinadores y registradores de los Registros de cáncer de Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Manabí, Loja y Machala, así como delegados del Núcleo de SOLCA Tungurahua, quienes abordaron temas de interés actual con presentaciones magistrales, así como discusiones en mesas de trabajo.
- ItemCáncer en Quito: análisis de base poblacional de las principales localizaciones, 2015-2019(Metro Ciencia, 2024) Tarupi, Wilmer; Abril, Andrea; Cabrera, Fernando; Imbaquingo, ValeriaIntroducción: La vigilancia efectiva del cáncer permite comprender su comportamiento a nivel poblacional y orienta a los tomadores de decisiones en la planificación de estrategias de prevención, así como en la evaluación del impacto de sus intervenciones. En este contexto, los Registros de Cáncer de Base Poblacional (RCBP) desempeñan un papel fundamental al generar indicadores epidemiológicos de alta calidad. Objetivo: Analizar las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en la ciudad de Quito durante el período 2015-2019. Métodos: Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad estandarizadas por edad utilizando datos del RCBP de Quito. Resultados: Entre las mujeres, los cánceres más frecuentes son los de tiroides, mama, cérvix, colorrectal y estómago. En los hombres, los tipos de cáncer más frecuentes son los de próstata, estómago, linfomas colorrectal y tiroides. En cuanto a la mortalidad, los cánceres de mama, estómago y cérvix son las principales causas de muerte por cáncer en mujeres, mientras que en hombres, el cáncer de próstata ocupa el primer lugar. Conclusión: La información quinquenal sobre los indicadores de carga de cáncer presentada por el RCBP de Quito sirve como referencia clave para el monitoreo del cáncer a nivel nacional y como una línea de base esencial para su control.
- PublicationGlobal variations in lung cancer incidence by histological subtype in 2020: a population-based study.(Lancet Oncol 2023, 2022) Zhang, Yanting; Vaccarella, Salvatore; Morgan, Eileen; Li, Mengmeng; Etxeberria, Jaione; Chokunonga, Eric; Manraj, Shyam Shunker; Kamate, Bakarou; Omonisi, Abidemi; Bray, FreddieBackground Lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, yet the distribution by histological subtype remains unknown. We aimed to quantify the global, regional, and national burden of lung cancer incidence for the four main subtypes in 185 countries and territories. Methods In this population-based study, we used data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume XI and the African Cancer Registry Network to assess the proportions of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma among all lung cancers by country, sex, and age group and subsequently applied these data to corresponding national (GLOBOCAN) estimates of lung cancer incidence in 2020. Unspecified morphologies were reallocated to specified subtypes. Age-standardised incidence rates were calculated using the world standard population to compare subtype risks worldwide, adjusted for differences in age composition between populations by country. Findings In 2020, there were an estimated 2 206771 new cases of lung cancer, with 1 435943 in males and 770 828 in females worldwide. In males, 560 108 (39%) of all lung cancer cases were adenocarcinoma, 351 807 (25%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 163 862 (11%) were small-cell carcinoma, and 115322 (8%) were large-cell carcinoma cases. In females, 440510 (57%) of all lung cancer cases were adenocarcinoma, 91070 (12%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 68 224 (9%) were small-cell carcinoma, and 49 246 (6%) were large-cell carcinoma cases. Age-standardised incidence rates for adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma, respectively, were estimated to be 12·4, 7·7, 3·6, and 2·6 per 100000 person-years in males and 8·3, 1·6, 1·3, and 0·9 per 100000 person-years in females worldwide. The incidence rates of adenocarcinoma exceeded those of squamous cell carcinoma in 150 of 185 countries in males and in all 185 countries in females. The highest age-standardised incidence rates per 100 000 person-years for adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma, respectively, for males occurred in eastern Asia (23·5), central and eastern Europe (17·5), western Asia (7·2), and south-eastern Asia (11·0); and for females occurred in eastern Asia (16·0), northern America (5·4), northern America (4·7), and south-eastern Asia (3·4). The incidence of each subtype showed a clear gradient according to the Human Development Index for male and female individuals, with increased rates in high and very high Human Development Index countries. Interpretation Adenocarcinoma has become the most common subtype of lung cancer globally in 2020, with incidence rates in males exceeding those of squamous cell carcinoma in most countries, and in females in all countries. Our findings provide new insights into the nature of the global lung cancer burden and facilitates tailored national preventive actions within each world region.
- PublicationGlobal survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3)(2022) Girardi, Fabio; Matz, Melissa; Stiller, Charles; You, Hui; Gragera, Rafael Marcos; Valkov, Mikhail Y.; Bulliard, Jean-Luc; De, Prithwish; Morrison, David; Wanner, Miriam; O’Brian, David K.; Saint-Jacques, Nathalie; Coleman, Michel P.; Allemani, Claudia; CONCORD Working GroupAbstract Background. Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. Methods. We analyzed individual data for adults (15–99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000–2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. Results. The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010–2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%–38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000–2004 and 2005–2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40–70 years than among younger adults. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines.
- PublicationWorldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries(Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2022) Ssenyonga, Naomi; Stiller, Charles; Nakata, Kayo; Shalkow, Jaime; Redmond, Shelagh; Bulliard, Jean-Luc; Girardi, Fabio; Fowler, Christine; Marcos-Gragera, Rafael; Bonaventure, Audrey; Nathalie Saint-Jacques; Minicozzi, Pamela; De, Prithwish; Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel; Larønningen, Siri; Di Carlo, Veronica; Mägi Margit; Valkov, Mikhail; Seppä, Karri; Wyn Huws, Dyfed; Coleman, Michel P.; Allemani, Claudia; CONCORD Working GroupBackground: Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0-14 years) and adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000-14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0-24 years). Methods: We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3 that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0-14 years), adolescents (15-19 years), and young adults (20-24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs, using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the analysis. Findings: 164 563 young people were included in this analysis: 121 328 (73·7%) children, 22 963 (14·0%) adolescents, and 20 272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010-14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28 205 [68·2%] patients) and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010-14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than 85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to ≥80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to ≥70% in most high-income countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000-14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young adults in most countries. Interpretation: This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators of the quality of cancer management in this age group. Funding: Children with Cancer UK, the Institut National du Cancer, La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Swiss Re, Swiss Cancer Research foundation, Swiss Cancer League, Rossy Family Foundation, US National Cancer Institute, and the American Cancer Society.